Introduction
An AC motor is an electric motor that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy using alternating current. AC motors are widely used in various applications due to their simplicity, reliability, and efficiency.
Main Components
Stator:
- The stationary part of the motor.
- Contains the stator winding made of copper coils.
- When AC voltage is applied, it produces a rotating magnetic field.
Rotor:
- The rotating part of the motor.
- Located inside the stator.
- Made of laminated iron cores with conductors or squirrel cage structure.
- Rotates due to the magnetic field produced by the stator.
Shaft:
- Connected to the rotor.
- Transfers mechanical energy to the load.
Bearings:
- Support the rotor and allow smooth rotation.
Frame:
- The outer casing that holds the motor components.
- Provides mechanical protection.
Cooling System:
- Includes fans or ventilation systems to prevent overheating.
Working Principle
- When AC voltage is supplied to the stator windings, a rotating magnetic field is produced.
- This magnetic field induces a current in the rotor conductors.
- The induced current creates its own magnetic field, which interacts with the stator’s magnetic field.
- This interaction produces a torque that makes the rotor spin.
- The spinning rotor drives the connected mechanical load.