1. Introduction Definition: A Proportional (P) Controller is a type of feedback controller widely used in control systems to maintain a desired output by adjusting its input based on the difference between a target (setpoint) and the current state. Importance: P controllers are fundamental in automatic control systems because they provide stability and ensure that… Continue reading Proportional (P) Controller
Author: Jerome A Shaju
PCB Stackup in KiCad
When designing a printed circuit board (PCB) in software like KiCad, various layers are used to manage different aspects of the board’s design and manufacturing process. These layers provide important guidelines and ensure the correct placement and protection of components, proper soldering, and overall functionality of the board. F.courtyard and B.courtyard: These layers define a… Continue reading PCB Stackup in KiCad
KiCad Tools
Schematics Editor: The Schematics Editor in KiCad, known as Eeschema, is a robust tool designed for creating and editing electronic schematics. It offers a user-friendly interface with a wide array of functionalities to streamline the schematic design process. Users can easily place components from extensive libraries, connect them using wires, and add annotations, labels, and… Continue reading KiCad Tools
KiCad
KiCad is an open-source software suite used for designing electronic schematics and printed circuit boards (PCBs). It provides a powerful set of tools that enable users to create complex circuits, design their layout on a PCB, and generate the files needed to manufacture the board. KiCad is widely used by hobbyists, engineers, and educators due… Continue reading KiCad
Composition of PCB
Printed Circuit board is a thin laminate sheet made up of fiberglass generally but also composite epoxy at times. It mechanically supports and electrically connects conducting material and electronic components. PCB Composition Base – PCB is a thin laminate sheet made up of fibreglass (FR4) as its base material or substrate. This solid core… Continue reading Composition of PCB
Factors Affecting Capacitance
Distance Between the Plates (d): A smaller distance between the plates increases the electric field strength and thus the capacitance. Area of the Plates (A): Larger plate areas allow for more charge storage, increasing capacitance. Dielectric Material: The type of insulating material between the plates, known as dielectric, affects how much electric field can be… Continue reading Factors Affecting Capacitance
Capacitor
A capacitor is an electronic component that stores and releases electrical energy in a circuit. It consists of two conductive plates (often made of metal) separated by an insulating material known as a dielectric. When a voltage is applied across the plates, an electric field develops across the dielectric, causing an accumulation of electric charges… Continue reading Capacitor
Factors Affecting Inductance
Permeability (μ): This is a measure of how easily a magnetic field can be established in a material. It depends on the type of core material used (e.g., air, iron, ferrite). The presence of a core material like iron increases inductance compared to air. Number of Turns (N): A longer coil decreases the inductance because… Continue reading Factors Affecting Inductance
Inductor
Definition: An inductor is an electronic component that stores energy in the form of a magnetic field when electrical current flows through it. It typically consists of a coil of wire, often wrapped around a core made of a magnetic material (such as iron or ferrite) or air. The inductor resists changes in the current… Continue reading Inductor
OLED Display
Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) displays are popular for their high contrast, wide viewing angles, and low power consumption. These displays are used in various applications, including wearable devices, mobile phones, and microcontroller projects. Features Self-Emissive Display: Each pixel emits light, eliminating the need for a backlight. High Contrast Ratio: True blacks and vivid colors.… Continue reading OLED Display