Author: Vignesh K

1. Basic Units Metric System (ISO): Uses millimeters (mm) for diameter, pitch, and length. Example: M4 × 12 → 4 mm diameter, 12 mm length. Imperial System (UTS – Unified Thread Standard): Uses inches (″) for diameter and length. Thread pitch is measured in threads per inch (TPI) instead of mm. Example: #8-32 × 1/2″… Continue reading Comparison of metric and imperial system of Measurment in screws

The Arduino Mega 2560 Pro is a compact, lightweight, and versatile version of the popular Arduino Mega 2560 development board. It is designed for projects that require a large number of input/output (I/O) pins and extensive memory, but in a smaller form factor compared to the standard Arduino Mega. Below is a detailed explanation of… Continue reading Arduino Mega 2560 Pro

Crimping is the process of joining a wire to a connector terminal using compression, rather than soldering. It’s commonly used with JST connectors, Dupont connectors, and other terminal systems to ensure a secure, conductive, and mechanically strong electrical connection. Crimping Basics for JST Connectors Tools You’ll Need Crimping tool Use a model compatible with your… Continue reading Crimping

Fritzing uses SVG graphics for the visual representation of parts (breadboard, schematic, PCB views). Inkscape is a popular open-source vector editor you can use to create and edit these SVG files.   Steps to create a Fritzing part graphic in Inkscape   Plan your part  Determine the views you need:  Breadboard view: realistic visual appearance.  Schematic view:… Continue reading Constructing a Fritzing part using Inkspace

1. Purpose of Air Vents Allow trapped air and gases to escape from the mold cavity during the injection or casting process. Prevents defects such as voids, burn marks, and short shots. 2. Improved Material Flow Helps the molten material (plastic or metal) fill the mold completely and uniformly. Reduces flow resistance, allowing for better… Continue reading Air Vents in molding design

Stress concentrations are localized areas within a component where stress is significantly higher than the surrounding region. These typically occur near geometric discontinuities such as sharp corners, holes, notches, grooves, keyways, or sudden changes in cross-section. If not addressed, stress concentrations can lead to premature failure through cracking or fatigue, even when the average stress… Continue reading Stress Concentrations: How to Identify and Reduce Them in Your Designs

Draft angles are slight tapers applied to the vertical walls of a part design in injection moulding. They are essential for ensuring that the part can be easily ejected from the mould without damaging the mould or the part itself. A typical draft angle ranges from 1° to 3°, but this may vary depending on… Continue reading Draft Angles in Injection Moulding

The ESP8266MOD is a compact and cost-effective Wi-Fi module developed by Espressif Systems, widely used in IoT (Internet of Things) applications. It is built around the ESP8266 SoC (System on Chip), which integrates a full TCP/IP stack, microcontroller functionality, and Wi-Fi connectivity—all in a single module. Key Features: Wi-Fi Support: 802.11 b/g/n, enabling it to… Continue reading ESP8266MOD

The 18650 Polymer Lithium-ion Charger is a device specifically designed to safely charge 18650 lithium-ion battery cells, which are widely used in portable electronics, robotics, and power storage applications. These chargers regulate the charging process to ensure battery longevity and prevent hazards like overcharging, overheating, or short-circuiting. Basic Working: Constant Current (CC) Phase: When the… Continue reading 18650 Polymer Lithium-ion Charger

Lean Manufacturing is a production philosophy that focuses on minimizing waste while maximizing efficiency and value for the customer. It originated from the Toyota Production System (TPS) and has since been adopted by industries worldwide. Key Principles of Lean Manufacturing: Identify Value: Understand what the customer values and focus on delivering it. Map the Value… Continue reading Lean Manufacturing