What is Grammar in English?
Grammar can be defined as the specific set of rules which helps us to arrange the words in the sentences to form a proper meaning.
Every language has its own grammar and usually, English grammar has its own set of rules to organize the words in the sentences.
Grammar describes the language, but it is not the language.
PARTS OF SPEECH
Verbs
Adverbs
Nouns
Articles
Adjectives
Pronouns
Prepositions
Conjunctions
Nouns
Is a name of a person, place, thing, or idea.
As babies learn “mom,” “dad,” or “milk” as their first word, nouns should be the first topic when you study a foreign language.
Nouns have these characteristics:
They are abstract or concrete.
They are proper or common.
Most are singular or plural, but…
Some are collective.
Every noun is either abstract or concrete.
Abstract nouns name things we cannot see, touch, or detect readily through our senses.
Abstract nouns name ideas (existentialism, democracy), measurements (weight, percent), emotions (love, angst), or qualities (responsibility).
Concrete nouns, on the other hand, name persons, including animals (cousins, Roger Rabbit), places (beach, Chico), or things we can see, touch, or otherwise detect through our senses (smoke, beer)
Every noun is either proper or common
A proper noun identifies a particular person, animal, place, thing, or idea–Roger Rabbit, for example. The first letter of each word of a proper noun is capitalized.
A common noun does not name a particular person or thing; rather, it refers to a whole class or type. Common nouns do not require capitalization.
Proper noun (capitalized)
common noun
Sierra Nevada Crystal Wheat
is his favorite
beer.
The Rooks and the Rangers
are our local soccer and baseball
teams.
Bidwell Park
is one of the largest municipal
parks.
Lundberg Family Farm
is a sustainable, organic
farm.
Most nouns are either singular or plural…
For the plural form of most nouns, add s.
bottle – bottles
cup – cups
pencil – pencils
desk – desks
sticker – stickers
window – windows
For nouns that end in ch, x, s, or s sounds, add es.
box – boxes
watch – watches
moss – mosses
bus – buses
For nouns ending in f or fe, change f to v and add es.
wolf – wolves
wife – wives
leaf – leaves
life – lives
Some nouns have different plural forms/ irregular plural form
child – children
woman – women
man – men
mouse – mice
goose – geese
Person -people.
Nouns ending in vowels like y or o do not have definite rules.
baby – babies
toy – toys
kidney – kidneys
potato – potatoes
memo – memos
stereo – stereos
A few nouns have the same singular and plural forms.
sheep – sheep
deer – deer
series – series
species – species
some nouns are collective
army is a collective noun
Countries is a plural noun
What are the different types of nouns?
Common nouns refer to general things (like parks), and proper nouns refer to a specific thing (like Yellowstone National Park).
Nouns can also be plural or singular, depending on how many there are, and countable or uncountable, depending on how their plural form is used.
Possessive Nouns
Possessive nouns are used to indicate ownership.
Possessive nouns usually are formed by adding an apostrophe (‘) and s.
John’s book
Kerry’s car
Grandma’s mirror
When a noun is plural and ends in s, just add an apostrophe (‘).
The kids’ toys
My parents’ house
The teachers’ lounge
If two people own one thing, add the apostrophe and s to the second person only.
John and Mary’s new house
David and Sue’s wedding
Tom and Doug’s car
If two people own separate things, add the apostrophe and s for each person.
Susan’s and Beth’s books
Jean’s and Dan’s pants
Ben’s and Jim’s offices