In the realm of web development and API design, HTTP methods play a crucial role. Two such methods, PUT and PATCH, are often used for updating resources, but they differ significantly in their approach. Let’s delve into the distinctions between these methods to gain a comprehensive understanding of when and how to use them.
PUT Method
PUT is a powerful HTTP method designed for modifying resources on the server. When a client sends a PUT request, it includes data that updates the entire resource. In other words, the client is essentially providing a full replacement for the existing resource located at a specific URL.
For instance, imagine a scenario where you want to update a candidate’s information, such as their name and email. In a PUT request, you need to send all the parameters of the candidate, even those that are not intended to be updated. Failure to include all parameters may result in the server replacing the entire resource with only the provided name and email.
Key characteristics of the PUT method include:
- It updates the entire resource.
- It is idempotent, meaning that sending the same request multiple times has the same effect as a single request.
- The enclosed entity is considered a modified version of the resource stored on the origin server.
PATCH Method
In contrast to PUT, the PATCH method is designed for partial updates. When a client sends a PATCH request, it includes only the data that needs to be updated, leaving the rest of the resource untouched. This approach is particularly useful when you want to modify specific fields without affecting the entire dataset.
Continuing with the candidate example, a PATCH request for updating the name and email fields would only include these two parameters in the request body. The server then processes the instructions provided and applies the changes accordingly.
Key characteristics of the PATCH method include:
- It allows partial updates to a resource.
- It is idempotent, similar to PUT.
- The enclosed entity contains instructions on how the resource should be modified to produce a new version.