@Findby annotation in Selenium Java

The @FindBy annotation is a part of the Page Object Model (POM) in Selenium with Java. It is used to locate and declare WebElement variables in a page class, making the code cleaner and more maintainable. This annotation helps in keeping the locators centralized and separated from the test logic.

Here’s how you can use @FindBy in Java Selenium:

1. Import Necessary Packages:
2. Make sure to import the required packages at the beginning of your Java file:

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy; 

1. Using @FindBy with WebElement:
2. Declare WebElement variables and annotate them with @FindBy along with the locator strategy. For example:

public class LoginPage { @FindBy(id = "username") private WebElement usernameInput; @FindBy(id = "password") private WebElement passwordInput; @FindBy(xpath = "//button[@id='loginButton']") private WebElement loginButton; } 

1. In this example:

• @FindBy(id = "username"): Locates the element with the id “username” and assigns it to the usernameInput variable.
• @FindBy(id = "password"): Locates the element with the id “password” and assigns it to the passwordInput variable.
• @FindBy(xpath = "//button[@id='loginButton']"): Locates the button element with the specified XPath and assigns it to the loginButton variable.

1. Initializing PageFactory:
2. In the page class constructor or an initialization method, use PageFactory.initElements to initialize the @FindBy-annotated WebElements:

import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory; public class LoginPage { // Existing code public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) { PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); } } 

1. This step is crucial for the @FindBy annotations to work, as it initializes the WebElements with the appropriate locators.
2. Usage in Test Classes:
3. Now you can use these WebElements in your test classes without worrying about the specific locators:

public class LoginTest { @Test public void loginTest() { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage(driver); loginPage.usernameInput.sendKeys("yourUsername"); loginPage.passwordInput.sendKeys("yourPassword"); loginPage.loginButton.click(); // Rest of your test logic } } 

By using @FindBy, you create a clean separation between the page structure and the test logic, improving code readability and maintainability.