Selenium web driver in simple terms is an API library that contains a list of predefined classes and interfaces that contains predefined methods
Basic Methods that are used in Selenium web driver:
- get() → Used to open specified URL’s web page, (HTTP:// needs to be provided)
- manage() →
manage().window().maximized(); → To maximize the window
manage().window().minimize(); → To minimize the window
- findElement() →
By class and its predefined methods: It’s a static method since Its a non-access modifier, so we can call this method with the help of the class name
- id()
- name()
- className()
- linkText()
- partialLinkText() → If the link text name is dynamically changing after each update then it is most useful to find that element
- cssSelector() → (tagname(attribute = ‘value’)
- XPath() → (//tagname(@attribute = ‘value’)
WebElement:
Predefined interface in selenium
Purpose → Store UI element located by the findElement() to reference variable of WebElement, useful for multiple operations in a single elements
click():
Used to perform click operations on different web elements like buttons, links, checkbox options, and radio option
sendKeys():
Used to enter text into text fields like text box, text area, password fields, etc.
clear():
Used to clear the text available in the text box or field area
getText():
Used to retrieve elements from the text (Text b/w the starting and ending tags of HTML elements), Store value in String
getTitle():
Used to retrieve the title of the current web page
getCurrentUrl():
Get to retrieve the current URL of the web page
close():
Used to close the current browser window (Active window)
quit():
Used to close all the browser windows (including child windows)
getAttribute():
Used to retrieve the value stored in a specific attribute value of an HTML element, need to pass the attribute
isDisplayed():
Used to find out whether the element is displayed on the page, before performing operations on it, returns a boolean value
isEnabled():
Used to find out whether the element is enabled or disabled before performing operations on it, returns a boolean value
isSelected():
Used to find out whether the radio options and checkbox options are selected or not, returns a boolean value
navigate():
Used to perform operations like navigating back to the previous page, navigating forward again, or refreshing the current
→ navigate().to();
→ navigate().back();
→ navigate().forward();
→ navigate().refresh();
getPageSource():
Used to retrieve all the source code of the current page and return in the form of a string
submit():
Used to submit a form, eg: search text field, always check for the form tag(locate any element on the form and then submit)
getTagName():
Used to get the HTML tag of the provided element, (It retrieves the tag name of the element)
getCSSValue():
To retrieve the CSS properties(styles → font-weight, height, width, etc.).
return type String
getSize():
Used to get the height and width of the given element, returns the Dimension value, from that we can get the height and width(px) of the button.
getLocation():
Used to get the x and y coordinate position of the given element, (x → from the left side of the page to the element, y → from the top of the page to the element),
returns Point value.
getRect():
Introduced in Selenium4
The return type is Rectangle
It gets the height, width, and location of the UI elements, and functions of both getSize(); and getLocation();
→ getX();
→ getY();
→ getWidth();
→ getHeight();
fullScreen():
Used to display a web page in full screen, other than maximized and minimized screen
driver().manage().window().fullScreen();
setSize():
Used to resize the browser window in specified dimensions.
Set the height and width of the browser window
The return type is Dimension.
driver().manage().window().setSize(w, h);
getClass():
Used to retrieve the class name of the provided object
(If chrome driver is the object reference then it will print ChromeDriver)
pageLoadTimeOut();
Used to change the default time for loading page
driver().manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeOut(Duration.ofSeconds(3));
- findElement() and findElements() methods.
findElement method is used to locate a single web element whereas the find elements method is used to locate multiple web elements from the web page.